See and Read: Detecting Depression Symptoms in Higher Education Students Using Multimodal Social Media Data

Mental disorders such as depression and anxiety have been increasing at alarming rates in the worldwide population. Notably, the major depressive disorder has become a common problem among higher education students, aggravated, and maybe even occasioned, by the academic pressures they must face. While the reasons for this alarming situation remain unclear (although widely investigated), the student already facing this problem must receive treatment. To that, it is first necessary to screen the symptoms. The traditional way for that is relying on clinical consultations or answering questionnaires. However, nowadays, the data shared at social media is a ubiquitous source that can be used to detect the depression symptoms even when the student is not able to afford or search for professional care. Previous works have already relied on social media data to detect depression on the general population, usually focusing on either posted images or texts or relying on metadata. In this work, we focus on detecting the severity of the depression symptoms in higher education students, by comparing deep learning to feature engineering models induced from both the pictures and their captions posted on Instagram. The experimental results show that students presenting a BDI score higher or equal than 20 can be detected with 0.92 of recall and 0.69 of precision in the best case, reached by a fusion model. Our findings show the potential of large-scale depression screening, which could shed light upon students at-risk.Comment: This article was accepted (15 November 2019) and will appear in the proceedings of ICWSM 202

Polytropic stars in three-dimensional spacetime

We investigate three-dimensional perfect fluid stars with polytropic equation of state, matched to the exterior three-dimensional black hole geometry of Banados, Teitelboim and Zanelli. A new class of exact solutions for a generic polytropic index is found and analysed.Comment: 3 pages, revte

The Two-Dimensional Analogue of General Relativity

General Relativity in three or more dimensions can be obtained by taking the limit $\omega\rightarrow\infty$ in the Brans-Dicke theory. In two dimensions General Relativity is an unacceptable theory. We show that the two-dimensional closest analogue of General Relativity is a theory that also arises in the limit $\omega\rightarrow\infty$ of the two-dimensional Brans-Dicke theory.Comment: 8 pages, LaTeX, preprint DF/IST-17.9

Microbial community and physicochemical characterization of kombuchas produced and marketed in Brazil

Kombucha has recently become popular in the Brazilian beverage market as a healthy alternative to soft drinks. However, little is known about the microbial composition and physicochemical characteristics of products available on the market. To investigate the microbial profile of kombuchas, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA and ITS genes, in samples belonging to six brands was utilized. In addition, the drinks were characterized based on the physicochemical parameters of pH, total acidity and alcohol content. Through the metagenetic analysis, the most abundant prokaryotic species identified were Liquorilactobacillus nagelii, Oenococcus oeni, Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, Liquorilactobacillus ghanensis, Gluconobacter oxydans, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans, Acetobacter peroxydans and Pantoea stewartii, while the mainly eukaryotic species were Dekkera bruxellensis, Dekkera anomala, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lanchancea fermentati. Interestingly, we identified six different oligotypes of D. bruxellensis, showing a wide diversity of strains belonging to this species. The results obtained for the physicochemical analyses, within the shelf life of the products, presented a range between 2.88 ± 0.06 and 3.43 ± 0.04 of pH, values between 1.80 ± 0.59 and 4.86 ± 0.72 for the total titratable acidity and 1.03 ± 0.24 to 2.54 ± 0.39 referring to alcohol content, demonstrating significant differences between brand. In addition, all samples had alcohol content above 0.5%, resulting in the classification of alcoholic beverages, which need proper labelling. The data generated in this work helped to understand the composition of the kombuchas available in the Brazilian market, as well as in the development of the identity and quality standard of the drink

Fecal bacterial communities of wild black capuchin monkeys (Sapajus nigritus) from the Atlantic Forest biome in Southern Brazil are divergent from those of other non-human primates

Gut microbiota are influenced by factors such as diet, habitat, and social contact, which directly affect the host's health. Studies related to gut microbiota in non-human primates are increasing worldwide. However, little remains known about the gut bacterial composition in wild Brazilian monkeys. Therefore, we studied the fecal microbiota composition of wild black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus) (n=10) populations from two different Atlantic Forest biome fragments (five individuals per fragment) in south Brazil. The bacterial community was identified via the high-throughput sequencing and partial amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (V4 region) using an Ion Personal Genome Machine (PGMTM) System. In contrast to other studies involving monkey microbiota, which have generally reported the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes as predominant, black capuchin monkeys showed a high relative abundance of Proteobacteria (X= 80.54%), followed by Firmicutes (X= 12.14%), Actinobacteria (X= 4.60%), and Bacteriodetes (X= 1.31%). This observed particularity may have been influenced by anthropogenic actions related to the wild habitat and/or diet specific to the Brazilian biome's characteristics and/or monkey foraging behavior. Comparisons of species richness (Chao1) and diversity indices (Simpson and InvSimpson) showed no significant differences between the two groups of monkeys. Interestingly, PICRUSt2 analysis revealed that metabolic pathways present in the bacterial communities were associated with xenobiotic biodegradation and the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, which may suggest positive effects on monkey health and conservation in this anthropogenic habitat. Infectious disease-associated microorganisms were also observed in the samples. The present study provides information about the bacterial population and metabolic functions present in fecal microbiota, which may contribute to a better understanding of the ecology and biology of black capuchin monkeys living in forest fragments within the Atlantic Forest biome in southern Brazil. Additionally, the present study demonstrates that the fecal bacterial communities of wild black capuchin monkeys in this area are divergent from those of other wild non-human primates

The detection of deception within investigative contexts: Key challenges and core issues

A large and continually-growing body of research has explored the ways in which deception might be detected. The area is developing rapidly, opening up new avenues of study. This special issue of the Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling brings together an exciting array of papers on the detection of deception within investigative contexts, examining a wide range of issues including; the efficacy of different interviewing techniques, the reliability of statement veracity assessment, factors influencing ability to detect deception and the need for applied research and ecologically valid studies. This examination of the key challenges and core issues surrounding the detection of deception within the criminal justice domain helps move the field forward, providing powerful results that have potentially far-reaching impacts. These are considered in detail throughout the following discussion

Quark Mass Hierarchy, FCNC and CP violation in a Seesaw model

The seesaw model of quark masses is studied systematically, focusing on its developments. A framework allowing the top quark mass to be of the order of the electroweak symmetry breaking scale, while the remaining light quarks have much smaller masses, due to the seesaw mechanism, is presented. The violation of the GIM mechanism is shown to be small and the tree level FCNC are suppressed naturally. In this model, there are many particles which could contribute to the FCNC in the one-loop level. Parameters of the model are constrained by using the experimental data on K^0-\bar{K}^0 mixing and \epsilon_K. The rare K meson decays K_{L,S} -> \pi^0 \nu \bar{\nu} and K^+ -> \pi^+ \nu \bar{\nu} are also investigated in the model. In these processes the scalar operators (\bar{s}d)(\bar{\nu}_{\tau}\nu_{\tau}), which are derived from box diagrams in the model, play an important role due to an enhancement factor M_K/m_s in the matrix element . It is emphasized that the K_L decay process through the scalar operator is not the CP violating mode, so B(K_L -> \pi^0 \nu \bar{\nu}) remains non-zero even in the CP conserved limit. The pion energy spectra for these processes are predicted.Comment: 42 pages, 13 figures, psfig.sty is require